Buildings are responsible for a significant chunk of emitted green house gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. Therefore, they’re a leading contributor to global warming. In the U.S., buildings account for 40% of all U. S. primary energy and its associated GHG emissions. While these stats appear bleak, they actually represent a positive when it comes to FMs and owners. Because property owners and managers helm the ship of the Built Environment, they have the power to steer decarbonization efforts in the right direction. By adopting smart technology and building automation, property owners can significantly contribute to GHG reduction while saving money and futureproofing their investments.
With building decarbonization, small changes can make a big difference. Automating your after-hours HVAC program is an easy first step to reducing your property’s carbon footprint. You don’t need to take out a loan to invest in automation tech either. Online tools like cloud-based after-hours HVAC apps are inexpensive and simple to integrate with your existing BMS.
Cut Mistakes, Cut Waste
While after-hours request programs vary, the standard process works like this: the tenant fills out a work request for after-hours air conditioning or heating. Staff members record the request. The building engineer programs the HVAC to fulfill the request. The air con/heating is delivered at the require day and time. The property manager invoices the tenant at the end of the month.
Every step in this manual request process is an opportunity for errors to crop up. Forgotten emails, data entry mistakes and missed change requests are all more likely with a manual process. Mistakes cost time and energy, whether its extra lighting, access gates, lift rides or added HVAC service itself.
After-hours HVAC booking apps replace these manual step with wireless technology and network connections. Tenants create requests via a mobile or desktop app. The system then interfaces with the building’s BMS to schedule the request. The tenant, time and date are automatically logged, and the BMS delivers heating and air con on the requested days. By automating these steps, you cut out the wasted energy and help lower your carbon footprint.
Push Buttons vs. Cloud-Based Apps
Push button systems for activating HVAC service eliminate some, but not all, of the manual steps. They’re designed to deliver service as requested, giving tenants easy access to and control over HVAC operation. However, their openness can be a liability. Since anyone within the building can request service, savings from push button controls are often undermined by their public access.
There are no guards against everyone (ex. maintenance or cleaning staff) from accessing controls. So, unauthorized access can lead to unaccounted and wasted energy use. It’s also easy for occupants to “hit the button” minutes before leaving the room or floor, resulting in wasted energy from heating and cooling unoccupied spaces.
After-hours HVAC apps reduce energy waste by limiting access to the platform. In a cloud-based system, only authorized users can create HVAC requests. And the system records both the request and the requester. So owners always know who requests services. Plus, tenants can re-schedule and cancel bookings from anywhere there’s an internet connection. This helps save energy by eliminating empty room heating and cooling.
Data Equals Decarbonization
Automation goes hand-in-hand with data. Today’s smart sensors, IoT devices, machine learning, AI, digital twins, and BMS integration all point to the eventual integration of every building systems. In the near future, fire systems will “talk” with access systems to track occupants during an emergency. Access systems will work in tandem with HVAC systems to adjust heating and cooling demands based on occupancy levels. Building management systems will connect to utility providers to shift energy usage during peak demand. Such interoperability is already evolving, but it requires data to work properly.
By automating your HVAC requests, you can collect data on how and when your tenants are requesting HVAC services and use it to conserve energy. For example, you can identify seasonal trends and make targeted improvements and retrofits for specific zones of your property. Automation puts you in a better position to transition your property into a smart building and futureproof your assets.
In a post-COVID workplace, “hands-free” is the new buzz world. It’s also the new hygiene standard. At times, it may seem the pandemic has turned everyone into Adrian Monk. But you needn’t be an OCD-suffering detective to solve the mystery of the old hygiene standard; it’s dead—murdered by Delta and Omicron. However, its demise makes way for a new standard, one built with hands-free building tech.
Touchless interfaces, voice command, facial recognition systems are uber-popular among both employees and managers. Some hands-free devices are smart home gadgets carried to the office by new hybrid workers looking to introduce a little domestic convenience. But other employees simply want safer, more hygienic work and communal spaces.
Tech companies are speeding up their response to the touchless standard by leveraging existing tech: smartphones. Every worker already carries a small, powerful computer connected to the internet in their pocket, so why not start there. The shortcut is producing a variety of apps that give workers and managers hands-free control of lighting, elevator access and after-hours air con bookings. The touchless workplace is a safe bet for property owners looking to invest in tech that boosts their property values and occupancy retention.
Access Via Facial Recognition
Facial recognition is a growing tech in facilities access because it provides better safety and a keyless, touchless entry point. Cameras with specialised facial recognition software scan a person’s face to identify them before granting entry. Users simply look at the scanner, are identified, and the system unlocks the doors. While hardly a viable solution for high traffic areas, facial recognition systems do ensure touchless entry points for visitors and better safety for building occupants.
Smart Elevator Apps
Today, “calling” the elevator is no longer a metaphor. Some major lift manufacturers like Otis and Schindler now have apps that let you summon an elevator with your smartphone. Users can use the apps themselves to ask for life service or they can scan a QR code to let the elevator know what floor they’re on. Smart elevator apps are time sizers too. Riders can request the lift as they approach, select their destination, then arrive just as the elevator does. No buttons to press or physical contact to make means a more sanitary ride.
Touchless Audio/Visual Setups
The conference room is full of commonly touched surfaces swimming with bacteria. However, voice activated AV equipment and video launching apps are keeping the presentation room touchless. Companies like Crestron are making touchless AV wireless, letting you manage all your AV equipment and room scheduling one a single app on your smartphone. Imagine having an app to control your presentation equipment. Being able to set custom specifications, including your lighting preferences, blind levels, and audio volume all with one touch of your own smartphone.
Touchless Reception
Hands-free entry tech like automatic sliding and swinging doors are hardly new, but new “touchless” tech for reception are evolving to limit the time visitors are spending in reception. Reducing the number of people in reception reduces the risk of virus transmission.
Rather than performing traditional check-ins, visitors can send instant text messages, voice calls and emails to authenticate their credentials and notify hosts. Once inside, other touchless access points can be granted by reading smartphone data via Wi-Fi. Elevators may be sent, doors opened automatically, areas of the building opened all without the visitors needing to touch handles or screens. Such automated access systems can also perform other duties like contact tracing or administering health questionnaires.
Voice-Activated Lighting
Today’s modern commercial lighting solutions offer hands-free tech features like voice command and app operation to expand control over workspace illumination. Some lighting tech has replaced the traditional light switch with a motion sensor that activates with the wave of a user’s hand. Others control lighting with voice commands powered by popular voice assistants like Alexa, Siri or Google.
Other hands-free light switches have Wi-Fi so workers can turn off lights left on or turn them on before entering the building. Smartphone control also means the ability to schedule lighting at regular intervals or for specific events. Voice activation, motion sensor and smart app lighting controls give workers more choices while eliminating the need for physical contact.
If you have commercial tenants, they’ve likely scheduled heating or air conditioning outside of your building’s usual business hours. Managers and owners commonly refer to these extra hours as overtime HVAC, after-hours HVAC, after-hours air conditioning or some variation. These overtime utility services give companies the flexibility to host special events, hold annual meetings, or simply extend their workday hours.
Tenant overtime HVAC systems are online platforms that automate the scheduling and billing of those after-hours HVAC requests. These systems streamline much of the traditional steps of a tenant overtime program, including scheduling and billing. Consequently, they save property managers and their staff time and resources. In addition, overtime HVAC systems can increase tenant satisfaction and conserve energy. Modern systems operate on a software-as-a-service model (SaaS) where property managers pay a monthly subscription for the service, but one-time fees are also available.
Modern tenant overtime systems let property owners set normal business hours (blue), while tenants can schedule HVAC service outside these times (green).
After-Hours vs Standard Occupancy Times
Standard business hours or “occupancy times” for buildings vary by region, but most fall somewhere around 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. Monday to Friday. Owners and managers define their business hours within commercial leases and agree to provide heating, cooling and lighting for tenants to operate their businesses. However, many leases also allow for “after-hours” or “overtime” HVAC requests. These are defined as any times outside normal business hours, and they’re usually billed separately from normal OPEX.
To recoup the costs for providing after-hours HVAC services, managers and owners usually charge tenants a fixed hourly rate (ex: $35/hour). The rate usually includes an estimated energy cost for providing service for one hour, plus an admin fee to cover staff time.
Overtime HVAC Scheduling
Because after-hours HVAC requests are outside standard operating hours, tenants must schedule them with the manager or building engineer. Typical steps in a standard overtime program usually involve the following:
The tenant makes an overtime HVAC request via email or text.
The manager records the request in a spreadsheet and notifies the building engineer.
The engineer programs the request into the building’s BMS.
The manager invoices the tenant at the end of the month for the overtime charges.
Managing this process requires time and resources, which is why most leases require a 24 or 48-hour notice per request. The window gives staff enough time to schedule the request, but places limits on how spontaneous tenants can be with last minute schedules.
Tenant overtime HVAC systems eliminate or simplify many of the above steps. Instead of an email or phone call, tenants use an online portal and web browser to submit overtime requests. Since overtime systems link to your building’s BMS, they bypass the need for manual reporting and system programming—no managers or engineers needed. This keeps notice times shorter, and tenants benefit from the increased flexibility.
Overtime HVAC systems also come with mobile apps. Tenants use these programs to schedule after-hours services from their smartphones or tablets. The freedom of mobile scheduling tends to increase overall tenant satisfaction with a property’s after-hours program.
Common connection flow of a cloud-based tenant overtime HVAC system to a commercial property.
Overtime HVAC Billing
Billing for standard hour energy is straightforward. Tenants pay pro rata based on the building’s total utility costs for the month. The strategy essentially splits the energy costs among all tenants equally, and everyone pays their share at the end of the month. However, overtime HVAC charges add complexity to monthly billing. It would be unfair to split overtime energy costs among all tenants, since only specific ones use it, so landlords invoice tenants only for the kWh they use.
However, individual invoicing takes more time. Spreadsheets need updated. Invoices generated. Emails sent to tenants. Plus, manual entry increases the risk of mistakes, leaving tenants paying too much or too little. Tenant overtime HVAC systems automate most of these monthly billing tasks, eliminating human error and tenant disputes around charges.
Overtime systems record BMS operation histories in their servers. So, times, days, and durations of overtime services are automatically generated for any timeframe. Most platforms also automate monthly billing to tenants. Since the system tracks individual usage, it can email automated invoices to tenants, taking the paperwork off property managers.
Energy Conservation
On average, 30% of the energy used in commercial buildings is wasted. After-hour scheduling changes and cancellations happen. It’s not uncommon for tenants to walk into unheated boardrooms or for entire building floors to sit unoccupied while chillers run at full power. Such scheduling mistakes waste energy and money. The bulk of these issues stem from recording mistakes and human error. A work order was overlooked, an email went to spam. Someone was out sick. These are common, often unavoidable, situations.
Because they’re automated systems, tenant overtime platforms eliminate human error. Schedule changes and cancellations are caught more frequently and wasted energy reduced.
Overtime HVAC systems can also positively affect tenant attitudes toward energy waste. Because tenants pay for the overtime kilowatts they use, they’re more cautious about waste. In contrast, attitudes towards energy use during standard business hours can be markedly different. Those tenants often have a “use it or lose it” approach, feeling they should condition the air in their spaces, whether they’re empty or occupied. The attitude is “We’re paying for it anyway.”
Tenant Satisfaction
Aside from time and money savings, the biggest selling point of overtime HVAC systems is their value to tenant businesses. With HVAC scheduling, office managers can operate hybrid workspaces more effectively. Government agencies can use after-hours reports to report on sustainability goals. Software developers could employ overtime usage to evaluate team productivity. Marketing agencies could add overtime energy costs as a billable line item for clients. The value of tenant overtime HVAC systems is yet to be fully realized, but the heart of it lies in their ability to empower tenants to run better businesses and organisations.
Successful properties have lighting that suits the needs of their occupants. Proper lighting can boost productivity, mood and an overall sense of worker wellbeing. While bad lighting can do the opposite. Light flicker is detrimental to the workplace, often causing migraine headaches, eye strain and general eye discomfort in workers. Even worse, light flicker can often be a hidden danger, going unnoticed for months or years while negatively affecting occupants. Understanding and detecting light flicker ensures a healthy and safe working environment.
What is Light Flicker?
Light flicker is the repetitive and rapid changing of a light brightness over time. Such light repetitions are too fast for most humans to see but can still produce negative side effects in individuals with sensitivities, including headaches, nausea and eye strain.
Lights flicker because of their power source. Most facility light sources run on alternating current (AC) electricity. AC produces electrical cycles that fluctuate from positive to negative. Power starts at zero, grows to a maximum positive charge, then reverses itself to a maximum negative charge. These cycles are measured in hertz, and most power is delivered in 50 or 60 hertz.
Because most industrial and commercial lighting runs on AC current, their bulbs must also follow a similar alternating cycle. Illustration 1 shows the alternating waveform of a standard incandescent bulb. The bulb cycles through a maximum positive charge to a maximum negative charge. Essentially, the AC power supply is turning the incandescent bulb on and off.
However, as the bulb’s cycle moves from one maximum charge to another, it passes through a lower voltage. Therefore, the bulb goes from bright to dim to bright again. It’s these repetitions that cause light flicker.
Illustration 1. The typical alternating voltage waveform for an incandescent bulb. These changes in voltage are why light flicker happens.
We normally don’t notice light flicker because of the speed at which it occurs. Lights reach maximum brightness twice in each cycle, so at 60 hertz power, that’s 120 cycles or 120 times per second! At that speed, the light appears to be “on” all the time. This is why turning (slowing) down an incandescent bulb using a dimmer switch can produce a visible flicker.
Ways to Detect Light Flicker
To eliminate light flicker, first you must locate it. The easiest place to start is your “Suggestion Box” or tenant satisfaction survey. Are you getting complaints about the lighting? You may have a big problem, even if it’s only a small group of respondents. Remember: not everyone is susceptible to light flicker effects, so don’t let “only a few complaints” lull you into a false sense of security.
If you do suspect there’s a problem, go through and test suspected areas of your building. The easiest way to detect light flicker is to take a photo of a fast-moving object. Snap a photo with your smartphone of an object like a ruler (see Photo 1 below). If you can see discrete positions of the ruler (left), the lighting has a high light flicker. But, if the position blurs together (right), it has a low light flicker.
Photo 1: The stepped appearance of the waving ruler on the left photo indicates high flicker rate in a bulb, while the blurred left image indicates a bulb with less flicker. Photo courtesy of Susan Mander.
Another strategy for testing for light flicker is to use your smartphone’s camera app. Most people have at one time or another witnessed dark horizontal bars appear on their phone’s screen when they view light sources such as LED bulbs, computer monitors or TVs. These horizontal bars form because the camera’s video frame rate and/or screen refresh rate is high enough to capture the source’s dimming light cycles.
To test a bulb for flicker using your phone, take a photo of the light source, a “slow mo” video or simply hold the phone close to the source while viewing a live image. If there are horizontal bands of dark bars, there is light flicker (Photo 2).
Photo 2: Slow motion video reveals dark horizontal bars across a light source like an LED bulb or computer monitor. Photo courtesy of Susan Mander.
Reducing the Effects of Light Flicker
You can combat light flicker with natural light. Since light flicker exists because of the fluctuation from bright to dim, you can use natural lighting, which has zero flicker, to fill in the gaps. While sunlight isn’t a substitute for quality bulbs and proper electrical system upkeep, it can be a good short-term solution. What’s more, natural lighting has other benefits to the physical and mental health of workers.
Fluorescent Bulbs
Early in their development, gas-filled linear fluorescent bulbs were notorious for producing light flicker in office buildings. Early models caused worker headaches and eye strain, but the later switch from magnetic to electronic ballasts eliminated the flicker along with the complaints.
Today, linear fluorescents and their small cousins the compact fluorescent bulb (CFL) enjoy widespread use. However, fluorescent lights can still produce light flicker for a variety of reasons.
Like any bulb, these gas-filled illuminators work less effectively with age. And, unlike incandescents, they don’t suffer catastrophic failure. That is, fluorescents won’t simply go out. Instead, they will continue to work even if only way. That means flickering side effects could go on for some time. So keep fluorescent bulbs fresh. If replacements are still flickering, you may have a bad ballast, especially if you hear a hum.
LED Bulbs
LED bulbs are the growing trend in facility illumination because they’re more efficient than incandescents and fluorescents. LEDs also extend bulb life, with a run time of around 20K to 100K hours.
Instead of tungsten filaments and gas vapor, LEDs use electronics (light emitting diodes) to produce light. Because of this, they tend to have a harsher AC flicker wave profile than other bulb types. So, bulb designers attach electrical components in the LED bulb’s base to reduce flicker.
However, when it comes to light flicker and LEDs, it’s a buyer beware situation. You usually get what you pay for. Some LEDs have almost no flicker, while others have an abundance. It all depends on the quality of their electronics. Perform your own flicker detection tests before you decide.
Mander, Susan. “Key Lighting Principles for Facilities Managers.” Presented 15 June 2021. Online presentation for Facilities Managers Association of New Zealand.
Are you finding it hard to procure office equipment? Is your supply closet running short on toilet paper? Supply chain issues are a global problem, and shortages are hitting every sector. Office managers in the U.S. are finding it hard to locate basic office supplies like paper, printer ink, lightbulbs and, yes, even toilet paper.
Trade experts say the global supply chain conundrum could be years away from resolving itself. So, many firms will need to adjust their procurement practices to locate alternative resources and manage rising costs. To that end, here are five tips for surviving the supply chain issues you’ll want to try out this year.
1. Barter with Competitors
Supply issues are prime times for beefing up your business relationships or calling in old favors. If you have excess resources, find a competing property owner who needs them and offer a trade. Such transactions could also include services-for-supplies too. Don’t be too proud. Cooperation helps the whole industry win. NOTE: Depending on where you do business, you may be required to report such bartering “profits” as taxable income. Check with your CPA.
2. Buy Used, Source Local
With international supply chains still struggling, many are looking to local and/or second-hand stores for procuring used supplies like office equipment or furniture. Look at both brick-and-mortar and online stores. On trading platforms like Craigslist, eBay or TradeMe you can easily filter searches by location to find products/services within a workable range for quick delivery. Buying used cuts down delivery time and gets the job done until you can find replacements. It’s also better for the environment!
3. Reduce Your Use
One upside to doing without is learning to live with less. Supply shortages are great opportunities to launch campaigns around efficiency and cost cutting. Use less paper products by transitioning to digital documents. Is your disposable coffee cup supply running low in the break room? Then buy your staff personlised mugs. Necessity is the mother of Invention, so use an unpredictable situation to promote conservation and frugality among your team and tenants.
4. Promote Flexible or Remote Working
By embracing the remote work trend, you can offset some supply use and costs to workers, many of whom will be happy to trade sweatpants and a much shorter commute. Besides using fewer resources, flexible work models offer more benefits for both employees and companies including increased productivity and higher retention.
5. Prepare for Tenant Backlash
Lack of supplies inevitably trickles down to your tenants. Sidestep complaints and backlash by preparing them before scarcity hits. Here are a few themes to weave into your tenant messaging.
Fairness. Some tenants may feel others are getting preferential treatment. Strong messaging is needed here. Any emails or correspondence needs to firmly dispense with such rumors before they grow. Maintain a voice of empathy and understanding around the shortages and their implications.
Transparency. Keep tenants abreast of delivery updates. Being in the dark is worse. When tenants can see there’s an end in sight, their patience increases dramatically. But even if you have no idea, be honest about your situation; sincerity does the heavy lifting when it comes to acceptance of a bad situation.
Collective Struggle. Take a “We’re in this together” approach. Groups get through things easier when there’s a feeling that everyone is sacrificing. However, this isn’t a time to point out how you’re the victim too; don’t unwittingly create a competition for “who’s got it worse.” Instead, stress collective sacrifice as a balm for individual angst and impatience.
